READING

Who is Herb Lubalin? //  Worked for a few advertising agencies and then opened his own firm.  He was a logo designer who injected visual metaphors into typography and denied traditional letter spacing.

Why was Esguire important? // Combined fiction, sports, humor, poetry, fashion and other elements of lush lifestyles targeted at men. He published respected writers such as hemingway, but the pinup girls brought on bad publicity. 

Who is Alexey Broadavich? // Worked on harpers bazaar, freed the page to take pleasure in white space and the finely tuned pacing of text and image.

What did Hoefler-Jones do for Harper's? // Didot type family.

Who is Gail Anderson? // Art director of rolling stone.

Who is David Carson? // Art director of Ray Gun, put together first issue. typography was his core.

Who is Tibor and what is M&Co? // Designer of Color, lack of decorative elements and visual devices and limited use of sans-serif typefaces allowed the photography and content to speak more loudly than the design. M&Co: (M for his wife) with two other designers from barnes and noble. wit humor and social consciousness through an approach sinuously shifting between deadpan and expressive wasnt immediate. he closed this and moved to italy to work on Color.

Who is Neville Brody? // Art director of The Face and introduced first custom typeface with issue number 50, a unique aesthetic.

What is Speak? // Magazine: thoughtful writing on culture, loosely covering music, fashion, literature, and art. Used found materials and hand drawn elements because of their low budget.

PHOTOGRAPHERS

Alec Soth // an American photographer notable for "large-scale American projects" featuring the midwestern United States. His photography has a cinematic feel with elements of folklore that hint at a story behind the image

Stephen Shore // known for his deadpan images of banal scenes and objects in the United States, and for his pioneering use of color in art photography. Worked for companies like Nike, Elle, and Chanel while doing own side work.

Jeff Wall // a Canadian artist best known for his large-scale back-lit cibachrome photographs and art-historical writing. Wall has been a key figure in Vancouver's art scene since the early-1970s. Early in his career, he helped define the Vancouver School and he has published essays on the work of his colleagues and fellow Vancouverites Rodney Graham, Ken Lum and Ian Wallace. His photographic tableaux often take Vancouver's mixture of natural beauty, urban decay and postmodern and industrial featurelessness as their backdrop.

LETTER FOUNTAIN

What are small capitals? How are they different than setting something in ALL CAPS? Does your font have small caps? If not name a font that does.
are uppercase characters set at the same height and weight as surrounding lowercase letters or text figures. They are used in running text to prevent capitalized words from appearing too large on the page, and as a method of emphasis or distinctiveness for text alongside or instead of italics or whenbold  is inappropriate.

What are ligatures? Why are they used? When are they not used? What are common ligatures? Does your font have ligatures? If not name a font that does.
are combinations of characters that were designed because, in metal typesetting, the overhanging ascenders in the letter 'f' would crash into an ascender or the dot of an i if it directly followed the f. ligatures have better results in photographic or digital settings as well because the ascender of the 'f' and the dot of the letter i  are designed to join instead of arbitrarily overlapping. If extra letter spacing is used in a text, however, these combination of characters have to be set separately. 

What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?
A punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritic mark used for three main reasons: to omit one or more letters, mark a possessive case, and mark plurals. 

What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?
inch mark-  two straight vertical lines making up the symbol denoting to the unit of measurement inches. Quotation marks-punctuation marks appearing at the beginning and ending of a quote. Smart quotation marks have a curve to them.

What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used?h
Hyphen- punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. 
Em-dash- used in a sentence to indicate a break in thought. 
en-dash-is traditionally half the width of an em dash and is used when denoting a range.